What is DMSA Scan?
DMSA (2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid) scan is a medical imaging test used to visualize the function and structure of the kidneys. It is a type of nuclear medicine test that uses a small amount of radioactive material to produce images of the kidneys.
During the DMSA scan, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein in the arm, and as it circulates through the body, it is taken up by the kidneys. The radioactivity is detected by a special camera, which takes images of the kidneys and provides information about their size, shape, and function.
The DMSA scan is commonly used to evaluate kidney function and to diagnose various kidney conditions, such as infections, obstructions, and scars caused by past infections or injuries. It is also used to monitor the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions.
Overall, the DMSA scan is a safe and non-invasive procedure that provides important information about the health of the kidneys.
Who is recommended for DMSA Scan?
DMSA scans are typically recommended for individuals who have symptoms or medical conditions that suggest a problem with their kidneys. Some common reasons for a DMSA scan include:
Abnormal kidney function: If a blood test or urine test shows evidence of abnormal kidney function, a DMSA scan may be ordered to determine the cause.
Suspected kidney disease: If a doctor suspects that a person may have a kidney disease such as pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, or nephrotic syndrome, a DMSA scan may be ordered.
Suspected kidney injury: If a person has a history of trauma or other injury to the abdomen, a DMSA scan may be ordered to check for possible kidney damage.
Suspected kidney obstruction: If a person has symptoms such as pain, swelling, or difficulty urinating, a DMSA scan may be ordered to check for blockages in the urinary tract that could be affecting kidney function.
Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment: If a person has been diagnosed with a kidney condition, a DMSA scan may be ordered to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
It is important to note that not all individuals with kidney problems need a DMSA scan, and that other tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may also be used to evaluate kidney function and structure. A healthcare provider can help determine whether a DMSA scan is necessary for a specific individual and what other tests may be recommended.
What are the preparations required for a DMSA test?
Preparation for a DMSA test is typically minimal and may include the following steps:
Fast before the test: You may be asked to fast for several hours before the test, usually for 4 to 6 hours, in order to reduce the amount of radioactivity in your gastrointestinal tract.
Drink plenty of fluids: You should drink plenty of fluids to help flush the radioactive material out of your body after the test.
Wear comfortable clothing: You should wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing to the test, as you will need to lie down for the scan. Avoid wearing clothes with metal zippers or buttons, as these can interfere with the images produced by the scanner.
Inform the doctor of any medications: Let the doctor know about any medications you are taking, especially if you are taking medications for kidney problems or if you are pregnant. Some medications may need to be adjusted before the test.
Arrange for transportation: You may be advised not to drive after the test, as the radioactive material can affect your ability to drive for a short period of time. Arrange for someone to drive you home after the test.
It is important to follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider in preparation for the DMSA test. If you have any questions or concerns, do not hesitate to ask.
How is the DMSA test performed?
The DMSA test is performed in the following steps:
Before the test: Before the test, you will be asked to fast for several hours, usually 4 to 6 hours. You should also drink plenty of fluids and wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing to the test.
Injection of radioactive material: A small amount of radioactive material, known as a radiotracer, will be injected into a vein in your arm. The radiotracer will circulate through your body and be taken up by your kidneys.
Scanning: After waiting for a specified period of time, usually about an hour, you will lie down on a table and a special camera will be positioned over your abdomen. The camera will detect the radioactivity in your kidneys and produce images of their size, shape, and function.
During the test: The test is non-invasive and does not cause any discomfort. You may be asked to lie still for several minutes at a time during the scan, but you should not feel any discomfort.
After the test: After the test, you may resume normal activities and diet. The radioactive material will be eliminated from your body through your urine and feces over the next several hours to days. You may be advised not to drive for a short period of time after the test, as the radioactive material can affect your ability to drive.
It is important to follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider before, during, and after the DMSA test. If you have any questions or concerns, do not hesitate to ask.
Are there any risks associated with DMSA Scan?
DMSA scans are generally considered to be safe and have few risks. Some possible risks associated with the test include:
Allergic reactions: Rarely, individuals may have an allergic reaction to the radioactive material used in the test. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include itching, hives, and difficulty breathing.
Radiation exposure: The small amount of radioactive material used in the test will expose you to a small amount of radiation. This amount of radiation is generally considered to be safe and not likely to cause any harm.
Pregnancy: If you are pregnant, you should inform your doctor before the test, as the effects of the radioactive material on the fetus are not well understood. In most cases, the test will be postponed until after pregnancy.
Kidney function: In some cases, the test may temporarily affect kidney function, but this is usually temporary and resolves within a few days.
It is important to discuss the potential risks of the DMSA scan with your doctor before the test, especially if you have a history of kidney problems or if you are pregnant. Your doctor can help you weigh the potential benefits and risks of the test and determine whether it is appropriate for you.
What are the possible interpretations of a DMSA Scan?
The possible interpretations of a DMSA scan may include:
Normal findings: If the DMSA scan shows normal results, it means that both of your kidneys are functioning normally and have no evidence of damage or scarring.
Abnormal findings: If the DMSA scan shows abnormal results, it may indicate that one or both of your kidneys have damage or scarring. This could be a sign of a previous infection, injury, or other underlying health condition.
Functioning of specific areas of the kidney: The DMSA scan can also show the functioning of specific areas of the kidney. If a specific area of the kidney is not functioning normally, it may indicate that that area has been damaged or is scarred.
Identification of congenital anomalies: The DMSA scan can also be used to identify congenital anomalies, such as a missing or poorly developed kidney.
The interpretation of a DMSA scan should always be performed by a qualified healthcare professional, such as a radiologist or nephrologist. The results of the test will be combined with your medical history and other test results to help determine the underlying cause of any kidney problems and guide further treatment.